Here is a much concise example if someone cares :

  cd / && cd /tmp/ | pwd  ; pwd
  /
  /
Or :

  cd / && cd /tmp/ | cd /var/  ; pwd
  /

Or :

  i=0;  i=1  | echo $i ; echo $i
  0
  0

  idx=0; { ((++idx)); echo $idx >&2; } | echo $idx ; echo $idx
  0
  1
  0

Yes this page says it all

http://linux.die.net/man/1/bash# Each command in a pipeline is executed as a separate process (i.e., in a subshell).

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5760640/left-side-of-pipe-is-the-subshell/22054804#22054804


=== STATUS ===

<code>
f_()
{
    t=0
    { t=1; echo "inside subshell=$t" ; return $t ;} | cat

    echo PIPESTATUS=${PIPESTATUS[0]} # 0
    echo "outside subshell = $t" # 0


}

f_

</code>

@TaG: ArpalHands  PipeFail